Grad school essays

Friday, August 28, 2020

Writing Resources

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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Writing A Research Paper Outline Research Sources Online

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Writing A Research Paper Outline Research Sources Online

Tuesday, July 14, 2020

Understanding Internal and External Validity

Understanding Internal and External Validity Basics Print Understanding Internal and External Validity How These Concepts Are Applied in Research By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 05, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 26, 2020 Andresr / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Internal Validity External Validity Similarities and Differences Examples View All Back To Top Internal and external validity are concepts that reflect whether or not the results of a study are trustworthy and meaningful. While internal validity relates to how well a study is conducted (its structure), external validity relates to how applicable the findings are to the real world. Internal Validity Internal validity is the extent to which a study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a treatment and an outcome.?? It also reflects that a given study makes it possible to eliminate alternative explanations for a finding. For example, if you implement a smoking cessation program with a group of individuals, how sure can you be that any improvement seen in the treatment group is due to the treatment that you administered? Internal validity depends largely on the procedures of a study and how rigorously it is performed. Internal validity is not a yes or no type of concept. Instead, we consider how confident we can be with the findings of a study, based on whether it avoids traps that may make the findings questionable. The less chance there is for confounding in a study, the higher the internal validity and the more confident we can be in the findings. Confounding refers to a situation in which other factors come into play that confuses the outcome of a study. For instance, a study might make us unsure as to whether we can trust that we have identified the above cause-and-effect scenario. In short, you can only be confident that your study is internally valid if you can rule out alternative explanations for your findings. As a brief summary, you can only assume cause-and-effect when you meet the following three criteria in your study: The cause preceded the effect in terms of time.The cause and effect vary together.There are no other likely explanations for this relationship that you have observed. Factors That Improve Internal Validity If you are looking to improve the internal validity of a study, you will want to consider aspects of your research design that will make it more likely that you can reject alternative hypotheses. There are many factors that can improve internal validity. Randomization refers to randomly assigning participants to treatment and control groups, and ensures that there is not any systematic bias between groups.Random selection of participants refers to choosing your participants at random or in a manner in which they are representative of the population that you wish to study.Blinding in a study refers to participantsâ€"and sometimes researchersâ€"being unaware of what intervention they are receiving (such as by using a placebo in a medication study) to avoid this knowledge biasing their perceptions and behaviors and thus the outcome of the study.Experimental manipulation refers to manipulating an independent variable in a study (for instance, giving smokers a cessation program) instead of just observing an association without conducting any intervention (examining the relationship between exercise and smoking behavior).Study protocol refers to following specific procedures for the administration of a treatment so as not to introduce any effects of, for example, doing things differently with one group of people versus another group of people. How Does Random Selection Work? Factors That Threaten Internal Validity Just as there are many ways to ensure that a study is internally valid, there is also a list of potential threats to internal validity that should be considered when planning a study.?? Confounding refers to a situation in which changes in an outcome variable can be thought to have resulted from some third variable that is related to the treatment that you administered.Historical events may influence the outcome of studies that occur over a period of time. Examples of these events might include a change in political leader or natural disaster that influences how study participants feel and act.Maturation refers to the impact of time as a variable in a study. If a study takes place over a period of time in which it is possible that participants naturally changed in some way (grew older, became tired), then it may be impossible to rule out whether effects seen in the study were simply due to the effect of time.Testing refers to the effect of repeatedly testing participants using the same measures. If you give someone the same test three times, isnt it likely that they will do better as they learn the test or become used to the testing process so that they answer diffe rently?Instrumentation refers to the impact of the actual testing instruments used in a study on how participants respond. While it may sound unusual, its possible to prime participants in a study in certain ways with the measures that you use, which causes them to react in a way that is different than they would have otherwise.Statistical regression refers to the natural effect of participants at extreme ends of a measure falling in a certain direction just due to the passage of time rather than the effect of an intervention.Attrition refers to participants dropping out or leaving a study, which means that the results are based on a biased sample of only the people who did not choose to leave (and possibly who all have something in common, such as higher motivation).Diffusion refers to the treatment in a study spreading from the treatment group to the control group through the groups interacting and talking with or observing one another. This can also lead to another issue called r esentful demoralization, in which a control group tries less hard because they feel resentful over the group that they are in.Experimenter bias refers to an experimenter behaving in a different way with different groups in a study, which leads to an impact on the results of this study (and is eliminated through blinding). External Validity External validity refers to how well the outcome of a study can be expected to apply to other settings. In other words, this type of validity refers to how generalizable the findings are. For instance, do the findings apply to other people, settings, situations, and time periods? Ecological validity, an aspect of external validity, refers to whether a studys findings can be generalized to the real world. While rigorous research methods can ensure internal validity, external validity, on the other hand, may be limited by these methods. Another term called transferability relates to external validity and refers to the qualitative research design. Transferability refers to whether results transfer to situations with similar characteristics. Factors that Improve External Validity What can you do to improve the external validity of your study? Inclusion and exclusion criteria should be used to ensure that you have clearly defined the population that you are studying in your research.Psychological realism refers to making sure that participants are experiencing the events of a study as a real event and can be achieved by telling them a cover story about the aim of the study. Otherwise, in some cases, participants might behave differently than they would in real life if they know what to expect or know what the aim of the study is.Replication refers to conducting the study again with different samples or in different settings to see if you get the same results. When many studies have been conducted, meta-analysis can also be used to determine if the effect of an independent variable is reliable (based on examining the findings of a large number of studies on one topic).Field experiments can also be used in which you conduct a study outside the laboratory in a natural setting.Reprocessing or calibration refers to using statis tical methods to adjust for problems related to external validity. For example, if a study had uneven groups for some characteristic (such as age), reweighting might be used. Factors That Threaten External Validity External validity is threatened when a study does not take into account the interactions of variables in the real world.?? Situational factors such as time of day, location, noise, researcher characteristics, and how many measures are used may affect the generalizability of findings.Pre- and post-test effects refer to the situation in which the pre- or post-test is in some way related to the effect seen in the study, such that the cause-and-effect relationship disappears without these added tests.Sample features refer to the situation in which some feature of the particular sample was responsible for the effect (or partially responsible), leading to limited generalizability of the findings.Selection bias refers to the problem of differences between groups in a study that may relate to the independent variable (once again, something like motivation or willingness to take part in the study, specific demographics of individuals being more likely to take part in an online survey).?? This can also be considered a threat to internal validity. Similarities and Differences Internal and external validity are like two sides of the same coin. You can have a study with good internal validity, but overall it could be irrelevant to the real world. On the other hand, you could conduct a field study that is highly relevant to the real world, but that doesnt have trustworthy results in terms of knowing what variables caused the outcomes that you see. Similarities What are the similarities between internal and external validity? They are both factors that should be considered when designing a study, and both have implications in terms of whether the results of a study have meaning. Both are not either/or concepts, and so you will always be deciding to what degree your study performs in terms of both types of validity. Each of these concepts is typically reported in a research article that is published in a scholarly journal. This is so that other researchers can evaluate the study and make decisions about whether the results are useful and valid. Differences The essential difference between internal and external validity is that internal validity refers to the structure of a study and its variables while external validity relates to how universal the results are.?? There are further differences between the two as well. Internal Validity Focus on accuracy and strong research methods Controls extraneous variables Conclusions are warranted Eliminates alternative explanations External Validity Results translate to world at large Findings are generalizable Outcomes apply to practical situations Results can be translated into another context Internal validity focuses on showing a difference that is due to the independent variable alone, whereas external validity results can be translated to the world at large. Examples An example of a study with good internal validity would be if a researcher hypothesizes that using a particular mindfulness app will reduce negative mood. To test this hypothesis, the researcher randomly assigns a sample of participants to one of two groups: those who will use the app over a defined period, and those who engage in a control task. The researcher ensures that there is no systematic bias in how participants are assigned to the groups, and also blinds his research assistants to the groups the students are in during experimentation. A strict study protocol is used that outlines the procedures of the study. Potential confounding variables are measured along with mood, such as the participants socioeconomic status, gender, age, among other factors. If participants drop out of the study, their characteristics are examined to make sure there is no systematic bias in terms of who stays in the study. An example of a study with good external validity would be in the above example, the researcher also ensured that the study had external validity by having participants use the app at home rather than in the laboratory. The researcher clearly defines the population of interest and choosing a representative sample, and he/she replicates the study for different technological devices. A Word From Verywell Setting up an experiment so that it has sound internal and external validity involves being mindful from the start about factors that can influence each aspect of your research. Its best to spend extra time designing a structurally sound study that has far-reaching implications rather than to quickly rush through the design phase only to discover problems later on. Only when both internal and external validity are high can strong conclusions be made about your results. An Overview of the Scientific Method

Thursday, May 21, 2020

The Success Of The American Dream - 942 Words

The term Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬ is considered as an ideal term and has many interpretations. But basically Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬ is defined as the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness of the people living in America. Lots of people immigrate to America in search of Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬ . They come in America to fulfil their Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬ which is composed of freedom, security and most importantly, opportunities. America is considered as the land of opportunities and the large availability of the opportunities make people work harder and push their limits and fulfil their goals. Anybody can hope for bigger and can achieve their dream through the determination and hard work in America. Gaining plenty of money can be considered as a measure of success, but it is not the only factor that measures the success. The fulfilment of the dreams of an individual, the increment of the name and fame of an individual and most importantly the achievement of t he goals that is set are also the important aspects that can be used to measure success. The idea of Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬ is unique to America and the Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬ is one of the greatest factor that makes America distinct and great nation in the world. But there are various versions of Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬â„¢sÃ¢â‚¬ which can be seen in most of the developed countries. The Canadian dream, Scandinavian dream and the British dream also exist, but these countries donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have any broad ambitions and visions of the good life clearly and arenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t exactly the sameShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of The American Dream1092 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pages When many cultures and ethnicities come to American they come for the get the opportunity the American offer. That is the American dream. Many people want to live and work hard to make it the top of the socio-economic ladder and have a chance to live. However, for many people they say itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s hard to climb t hat ladder due to many circumstances that hold them back. From poverty, college debt, inequality many Americans think the dream is not attainable. Nevertheless, there is are many ways to overturnRead MoreThe Success Of The American Dream767 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesThe American dream is based on the idea that, Ã¢â‚¬Å"America where no matter who you are, no matter what you look like, no matter where you come from, no matter what your last name is, no matter who you love, you can make it here if you try.Ã¢â‚¬ (97). While United States was built on this idea, it is becoming harder and harder for people to move up in social status because of the inequality. Obtaining success in life used to be considered equal for all regardless of background. If you worked hard enough andRead MoreSuccess As One Of The American Dream1137 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesWittlake 28 April 2015 Success as One of The American Dream When we hear the word Ã¢â‚¬Å"successÃ¢â‚¬ , we often think of wealth and money. To some people, the embodiment of being success is earning a lot of money. In fact, the concept of success is primarily based on how much money a person earns. However, each person views the definition of success differently. One way to define success is something that has more to do with flash than it does with substance. John Wooden, an American basketball player andRead MoreThe American Dream Through Success And Social Mobility1405 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesWhen most people think of the American Dream they often visualize the typical white fence, the two children, and an overall perfect family. When people think of the American Dream they think of the dream jobs which consist of being a doctor, lawyer, or a widely known talk show host. The people who have the voice determine what is ideal in society and what isnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t. They try to sell you this pitch that the American Dream is obtainable and what you put in to the system, you get out; This is also knowRead MoreAmerican Dream : Resources And Competency Are Recipes For Success Essay1587 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesAmerican Dream: Resources and Competency are Recipes for Success American Dream as defined by Merriam-Webster online as Ã¢â‚¬Å"an American social ideal that stresses egalitarianism and especially material prosperity.Ã¢â‚¬ What is the American Dream to you? Is it having a stable and a high-paying job? How about owning a beautiful house, car, and bank account? Perhaps, your definition of the American Dream is being the founder and owner of a multi-billion dollar business empire that has businesses in everyRead MoreThe American Dream: Freedom, Hard Work Guarantees Success and Less Racism868 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pageswitness an African American get up and move to the back of a bus for a Caucasian? No, that is not the case anymore. America is a better country now. In source E it says, Ã¢â‚¬Å"The chair in Washington sat had a sun, and the question was asked, is it rising or setting?Ã¢â‚¬ This quote questions whether or not America is falling apart or getting better. The American Dream is an ideal that has changed over time and is achievable becaus e of freedom, the idea that hard work guarantees success, and less racismRead MoreThe American Dream As An Idea Of Achieving Success And Wealth Through The Process Of Creativity1050 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesCultural Acceptance The American Dream serves as an idea of achieving success and wealth through the process of creativity, perseverance, and determination. In Ã¢â‚¬Å"American Dreamer,Ã¢â‚¬ Bharti Mukherjee explores three different cultures and explains her experience with each one. Through the difficulties within each culture, she builds on her personal identity along with her cultural identity. Because of the exploration of different places, Mukherjee discovers her cultural identity. Because of the strictRead MoreThe American Dream1424 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesThe idea of the American Dream can be first traced back to a book called The Epic of America by author James Truslow, where he states, Ã¢â‚¬Å"The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better, richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.Ã¢â‚¬ This idea of better opportunity really summarizes the goal of many early American immigrants as they traveled from faraway lands in hopes of a better future. Many would say this idea of prosperityRead MoreThe American Dream Is A Flawed Concept911 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesThe American Dream is a flawed concept, a deceptive motivator, which promotes fantasy and unrealistic capitalist goals (ideals) of success, while disregarding the immense costs. The American Dream, conceptualized among early American frontiersmen deeply impacted societal thinking and motivation. America meant Ã¢â‚¬Å"moreÃ¢â‚¬ . More ideas, more possibilities, more space, more land, and finally, more success. This concept is timeless for Americans and aspiring American citizens. The American Dream can be brokenRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman and The Great Gatsby1238 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesSince Columbus made land, people have been searching for the Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬ . Many people have their own idea and ideas that have changed over a period of time, but what exactly is the Ã¢â‚¬Å"American DreamÃ¢â‚¬ defined as .Origins of the dream have been rooted in the pioneering mentality of the eighteenth and nineteenth century immigrants, most who came to America because of a promise for a new and better life. The American Dream was sought through hard work and determination. After the time of the World

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Cadbury Case Study Free Essays

INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING (BHO1171) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Sem 2, 2012 Individual Case Study (15%) Due Date: Week 7 (29/8/2012, Wednesday 5pm) Students will be evaluated on how well they analyze the case study by applying the right theories and concepts. The case topic is Ã¢â‚¬Å"Chocolate consumers feel guilty for the wrong reasonsÃ¢â‚¬ . At the end of the case study, there are a number of questions in which students need to find answers and justifications. We will write a custom essay sample on Cadbury Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students need to write a formal business report with a length of 2000 words using 12 pt fonts and 1. 5 spacing. The report must be handed in Week 7 (refer to the due date stated above). Please do not only focus on the article and the texts in getting the answers. Students are advised to refer to at least four (4) academic journals, with additions of materials from newspapers, magazines and Internet websites in analyzing and interpreting the case study questions. They need to acknowledge any borrowed citations or any information under reference lists by using Harvard Referencing System (Please refer to Communication Skills Handbook). Your report must be submitted to Turnitin and cleared. The allowable percentage of match is 25%. Upon uploading, please exclude the table of content, reference and bibliography lists. Do not forget toÃ‚ attach together the first page of the Turnitin digital receipt on top of the hardcopy of your assignment. PLEASE DO NOT SHARE YOUR ANSWERS AND REFERENCES WITH YOUR FRIENDS. ASSIGNMENTS WITH HIGH PERCENTAGE OF MATCH (BASED ON TURNITIN REPORT) WILL BE PENALIZED! Sample of a Business Report (with word limits as an approximate guide for each section) Declaration FormÃ¢â‚¬ Cover Page (can be downloaded from ELearn) Turnitin digital receipt (first page) Cover Page Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Report Title: Individual Case Study Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ã¢â‚¬Å"Chocolate consumers feel guilty for the wrong reasonsÃ¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Prepared for: Name of Lecturer Tutor Victoria University Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Prepared/Written by:Student Name VU ID No. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Date of Submission: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Tutorial Group: Executive Summary Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Inclusive of the:Introduction of the report Content of the report Conclusion and recommendations of the report Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Should be written only after analysis is completed. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Do not repeat by using the same sentences and words as the ones used in the report. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Must spell out and explain the summary instead of just Ã¢â‚¬Å"out-liningÃ¢â‚¬ it. Should not be exceeding one page length and paragraphing is encouraged. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Guide Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Approximate word count = 300 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 400 Table of Contents Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Titles and subtitles Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Page numbers Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Appendices (if attached) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Must be typed and not handwritten 1. 0 Introduction (Must include thes e four main components) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Purpose of writing the report Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Short summary of the case study Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Relevant marketing theory definition and explanation (Briefly) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Guide Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Approximate word count =300 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 400 (Make use of paragraphs) 2. 0 Problems/issues Identification 3. 0 Analysis Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ No Assumptions and No own opinions! Only proven facts will be accepted. Every statement made must be referenced and listed under bibliography page and reference list. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Do not use Ã¢â‚¬Å"IÃ¢â‚¬ , Ã¢â‚¬Å"WeÃ¢â‚¬ when writing reports. Do not personalize the report but instead use third party language. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Guide Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Approximate word count =500 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 600 4. 0 Recommendations/Choices of solutions Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ List the courses of action, which, the writer, think, is the most appropriate to the firm Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Be specific and not general in giving suggestions. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Must be related to the facts mentioned in the case study article. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Guide Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Approximate word count =400 . 0 Conclusion Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Brief presentation of the major findings that have been discovered within the content of the report. (Do not repeat the things you have mentioned in the content because a summary IS NOT a conclusion! ) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Guide Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Approximate word count =200 List of References Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The reference list at the end of the report should be alphabetically ordered. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ You are required to refer to at least 4 academic journal articles and also to some numbers of texts, magazine/newspaper articles and websites. (Please refer to the Communication Skills Handbook on how to write referencing) IMPORTANT NOTE! YOU CAN ONLY USE THE ACADEMIC JOURNALS, WHICH CAN BE OBTAINED FROM DATABASES LIKE EBSCOHOST, EMERALD AND ETC. PLEASE REFER TO THE REFERENCE LIBRARIAN FOR FURTHER DETAILS. YOU CANNOT SEARCH FOR THESE MATERIALS USING WIKIPEDIA, GOOGLE OR YAHOO SEARCH. Appendices (optional) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Should be kept at minimum Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ If it is so detailed and long, put it into the content of report Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Give each appendix a number and a title and enter it into the Table of Contents Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Do not put in any of the journal articles that you have used for your report Note: 1. Students are to write using formal, business-like tone for this report. This means there should be no usage of Ã¢â‚¬Å"IÃ¢â‚¬ , Ã¢â‚¬Å"WeÃ¢â‚¬ , and Ã¢â‚¬Å"YouÃ¢â‚¬ in this report. 2. They are also encouraged to write clear and concise expression of English language. 3. There should be a logical flow of sequence. 4. The report should also be free from excessive spelling and grammatical errors. Hence, before submission, proofreading must be done. 5. Please also write the word count at the end of the report (after the conclusion section). INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING (BHO 1171) Individual Case Study (15%) Marking Sheet Semester 2, 2012 CRITERION |Very Good |Good |Satisfactory (met min. |Inadequate |Not addressed / Weak |Mark | | | | |requirements) | | | | |Introduction and |The issue/problem chosen is |The issue/problem chosen is |The issue/problem chosen is |The issue/problem chosen has |The ssue/problem is not |/2 | |problem/issue identification |appropriate and is clearly stated in| appropriate with elaboration |appropriate |limited relevance |identified | | |(2%) |the assignment with justification | | | | | | |Problem analysis and | |Can analyse a range of |Can evaluate the reliability of |Can analyse a limited range of |Fails to analyse information. /5 | |justification (5%) |Can critically review evidence and |information, select appropriate|information using defined |information. Limited only |Fails to evaluate or use | | | |analyse situations using a wide |techniques of evaluation. |techniques. Has given a factual |partially accurate evaluation of |techniques of evaluation, or | | | |range of techniques appropriate to |Appropriate issue/problem is |/or conceptual knowledge base |information using defined |evaluations are totally invalid | | | |the topic. Thorough explanation of |explained and analysed | |techniques | | | | |the chosen issue/problem and is well| | | | | | | |analysed | | | | | | |Formulation of alternatives |Recommendations with reliability, |Clearly explained |Relevant recommendations made |Vague recommendations, limited |No recommendations or are |/3 | |or possible solutions and |validity significance |recommendations which relate | |solutions |obscured by poor mechanics | | |recommendations (3%) | |closely to the case | | | | | | |Fluent writing style appropriate to |Language fluent. Grammar |Language mainly fluent. Grammar |Meaning apparent, but language |Meaning unclear /or grammar |/2 | |English expression |document. Grammar spelling |spelling accurate |spelling mainly accurate |not always fluent. Grammar /or |/or spelling contain frequent | | |(sentence/paragraph |accurate | | |spelling contain errors |errors | | |construction, spelling, | | | | | | | |grammar and punctuation) (2%)| | | | | | | |Use of relevant references | |Demonstrates wide range of |Uses some appropriate literature |Uses only very limited |Fails to use relevant literature|/3 | |and referencing in written |Demonstrates wide range of reading |reading from a variety of |material in the assignment. |appropriate literature material |material in the assignment. | | |report (3%) |including from academic peer |credible sources. Referencing |Referencing is mainly accurate. |in the assignment. Some attempt |Referencing is absent/ | | | |reviewed journals in the appropriate|is mainly accurate | |at referencing. unsystematic | | | |area. Referencing is consistently | | | | | | | |accurate both within at end of | | | | | | | |document | | | | | | Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ TOTAL: /15 How to cite Cadbury Case Study, Free Case study samples